Talk:Education in India

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This article is written in Indian English, which has its own spelling conventions (colour, travelled, centre, analysed, defence) and some terms that are used in it may be different or absent from other varieties of English. According to the relevant style guide, this should not be changed without broad consensus.

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India: Education Top‑importance

	India portal This article is within the scope of WikiProject India, which aims to improve Wikipedia's coverage of India-related topics. If you would like to participate, please visit the project page.IndiaWikipedia:WikiProject IndiaTemplate:WikiProject IndiaIndia
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	This article is supported by the Education in India workgroup (assessed as Top-importance).
	This article was last assessed in May 2023.
	This article was a past Indian Collaboration of the Month.

Education High‑importance

	Education portal This article is within the scope of WikiProject Education, a collaborative effort to improve the coverage of education and education-related topics on Wikipedia. If you would like to participate, please visit the project page, where you can join the discussion and see a list of open tasks.EducationWikipedia:WikiProject EducationTemplate:WikiProject Educationeducation
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No redirect on "Gurukula"

The wiki page for Gurukula https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gurukula&redirect=no provides much more detail on the subject than this page. People looking to learn more about the subject should not be redirected here. 174.27.157.112 (talk) 16:28, 3 August 2022 (UTC)[reply]

Credibility of Article

There are many unsubstantiated claims in this article. I find that many claims that have been made either have no supporting citations, or even when there supporting citations, these sources are not from independent publishers or other credible sources. Sammwise39% (talk) 21:56, 6 April 2023 (UTC)[reply]

In order for these claims to be comprehensively addressed and corrected, it is imperative that you furnish us with specific details and evidence that can support your claims.

Would you kindly provide us with specific examples of claims that are unsubstantiated, and additionally, the relevant sections and passages? This will enable us to effectively identify and verify the claims in question, and ultimately facilitate the process of addressing any issues that may be present in the article.

Furthermore, in the event that you harbor any specific concerns regarding the credibility of the sources employed in the article, please provide us with details on the sources you believe are not from independent publishers or other credible sources, along with your reasons for believing so. This will help us in identifying and addressing any issues that may exist with the sources employed, and consequently, enable us to identify alternative, more credible sources. Alexandria Bucephalous (talk) 13:59, 24 April 2023 (UTC)[reply]

Wiki Education assignment: India in Global Studies

This article was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment, between 18 January 2023 and 14 May 2023. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Sammwise39% (article contribs). Peer reviewers: Afernandes1, Wikigupta713.

— Assignment last updated by Adirrao (talk) 22:05, 17 May 2023 (UTC)[reply]

Menstrual cycle must in class 7

The topic menstrual cycle must be in syllabus of class 7, because generally menstrual cycle begins at the age of 10-15. And at this basis so many girls in India don't know about menstrual cycle at that age, around 11-14. So, they can take wrong decision when they see they are bleeding and can attempt for suicide. So they must be know about menstrual cycle at class 6 or 7. Not much more information but at least they might be know about it.

Thank You, ~Krunal 2409:4042:249B:B406:EC68:9A50:FED9:D9B2 (talk) 09:23, 12 April 2024 (UTC)[reply]

Outdated Sources

The sources cited under "Primary education in India" in regards to teacher abscence are quite old (2005/ 2006 respectively) and possibliy outdated. This should be either indicated in the article itself or, if possible, these sources should be substituted by newer sources discussing problems in the Indian primary education sector. 49.205.39.77 (talk) 07:53, 1 October 2024 (UTC)[reply]

POV pushing

@Kautilya3: Sir, there has been considerable vandalism/spam on this page by someone who adds long essay on missionary schools ("Role of Christian Missionaries in Education in India" section) with odd-links to tourist pages and no scholarship sources. It appears to be religious propaganda with undertones of civilizing mission.

Page before vandalism/spam https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Education_in_India&diff=prev&oldid=1270101668

Page after vandalism/spam https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Education_in_India&diff=prev&oldid=1270149853

Page after vandalism/spam https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Education_in_India&diff=prev&oldid=1270157061

This should be removed or moved to sperate page on missionary schools in India, since previous section "Colonial period and English education" already discussed Colonial and English education in detail with scholarship sources.117.213.170.205 (talk) 03:18, 27 January 2025 (UTC)[reply]

Removed per WP:RS. Yue🌙 06:39, 27 January 2025 (UTC)[reply]

Need clarification

The wordings "The total percentage of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes combined was found to be 22.5% with the Scheduled Castes accounting for 17% and the Scheduled Tribes accounting for the remaining 7.5%. " My calculation is 17%+7.5%=24.5%, not 22.5%. Can anybody help clarify? Thanks. ThomasYehYeh (talk) 07:11, 11 March 2025 (UTC)[reply]

Semi-protected edit request on 27 March 2025

It is requested that an edit be made to the semi-protected article at Education in India. (edit · history · last · links · protection log)

This template must be followed by a complete and specific description of the request, that is, specify what text should be removed and a verbatim copy of the text that should replace it. "Please change X" is not acceptable and will be rejected; the request must be of the form "please change X to Y".

The edit may be made by any autoconfirmed user. Remember to change the |answered=no parameter to "yes" when the request has been accepted, rejected or on hold awaiting user input. This is so that inactive or completed requests don't needlessly fill up the edit requests category. You may also wish to use the {{ESp}} template in the response. To request that a page be protected or unprotected, make a protection request.

I want to add a section on aid effectiveness in the education system in India. It is part of a graduate class program and I have written a few paragraphs on this topic, according to Wikipedia writing standards (neutral tone, standards of citations, etc.).

Here is what I have prepared to add on the main page:

Hi, that looks clear and well-sourced to me. Where do you envisage it going within the structure of the current article? Tacyarg (talk) 10:36, 27 March 2025 (UTC)[reply]

Overview of the situation

Foreign aid has played a significant role in shaping India's education sector, particularly during periods of economic transformation and policy reforms. While foreign assistance has contributed to expanding access to education, its effectiveness and implications remain subjects of debate.

Foreign aid and educational development in India

The number of out-of-school children decreased from 25 million in 2003 to an estimated 8.1 million in 2009^[1]. However, the poor quality of education in the public sector continues to hinder progress in India's educational development. Many government schools lack essential infrastructures, such as blackboards, access to clean drinking water, and functioning toilets ^[2]. This issue is further exacerbated by high teacher absenteeism, estimated at 25% daily in a 2003 study^[2]. As a result, these inadequate schooling conditions discourage parents from enrolling their children in government schools. The decrease from 95% primary school students attendance to 40% in the secondary, highlighting a clear need for targeted state investment.

Considering India's policy focus on increasing school enrolment rates coupled with the projected rise of the college-age population to 400 million by 2030, the country has emerged as a strategic recipient of foreign educational aid^[3]. Researchers argue that the Indian government effectively implemented its own policies while utilising foreign funds for financial and technical support^[4].

Regarding higher education in India, its financing has undergone restructuring. As the state's fiscal capacity struggled to keep pace with the expanding higher education sector, alternative funding sources—including foreign aid—played a role in supporting institutional development alongside privatization and student loan schemesCite error: A <ref> tag is missing the closing </ref> (see the help page).. Additionally, India's rapid economic and social transformation has made it a key player in international cooperation efforts, shifting from a traditional North-South donor-recipient model to a more dynamic partnership approach ^[3].

Examples of aid programs

Foreign aid to India's education sector has been instrumental in funding both elementary and higher education programs.

On the elementary education side, the Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA) initiative in 2000 illustrates the key targets of such programs. It is a a flagship programme of Government of India that aimed to universalise primary education by increasing funding for teachers, providing grants for teaching materials, and distributing free textbooks to girls^[5]. This specific program resulted in a reduction of 3 millions out-of-school children per year, making contributions to elementary education significant. The Midday Meal Scheme, which received support from the World Food Programme (WFP) in its early stages, could be included as another example of nutrition-linked education aid as it aimed at increasing school attendance by relieving parents from children lunch cost.

Effects and contributions of aid

Foreign aid to education in India has been demonstrated to be beneficial ^[6]. However, some emphasise the mixed outcomes: the role of external assistance has been described as a "double-edged sword" balancing financial support with challenges in implementation^[7] as aid has responded to domestic political demand for education expansion.

Moreover, case studies indicate that while foreign aid programs have addressed key educational gaps, they often operate within the broader constraints of India's policy environment. The effectiveness of specific aid programs has been examined as beneficial^[8]^[9]. However, researchers point out a gap between targets and actual educational outcomes, mostly because of a focus on enrollment rates rather than education quality^[10]. RomaneMartinage (talk) 10:08, 27 March 2025 (UTC)[reply]

^ "Education in India". World Bank.
^ ^a ^b Kingdon, Gandhi Geeta (2007). "The Progress of School Education in India". The Oxford Review of Economic Policy. 23 (2): 168–195.
^ ^a ^b Khare, Mona (2023). External Aid: Shifting Dynamics of India’s Higher Education Cooperation and Exchange. In: Varghese, N., Panigrahi, J. (eds) Financing of Higher Education. pp. 211–228.
^ Colclough, Christopher; De, Anuradha; Webb, Andrew (2012). The practice of partnership: Aid and education policy in India and Kenya.
^ Ward, Michael (2011). "Aid to Education: The Case of Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan in India and the Role of Development Partners". Journal of Education Policy. 26 (4): 543–556.
^ Prasad Lekhak, Bindeswar (2023). "Foreign Aid Effectiveness in the Education Sector: A Dynamic Panel Analysis". International Journal of Economics and Finance. 15 (9): 10–29.
^ Ramachandran, Vimala (2008). "External Aid in Elementary Education: A Double-Edged Sword". Working Papers, eSocial Sciences.
^ Tilak, Jandhyala B.G. (2015). "Political Economy of External Aid for Education in India". Journal of Asian Public Policy. 1 (1): 32–51.
^ Tukdeo, S. (2015). "Class divided: Global pressures, domestic pulls and a fractured education policy in India". Policy Futures in Education. 13 (2): 205–218.
^ Ridell, Abby Rubin; Niño-Zarazúa, Miguel (August 2012). "The Effectiveness of Foreign Aid to Education: What Can Be Learned?" (PDF). WIDER Working Paper n°2012/75.

[1] "Education in India". World Bank.

[Kingdon2007-2] Kingdon, Gandhi Geeta (2007). "The Progress of School Education in India". The Oxford Review of Economic Policy. 23 (2): 168–195.

[Khare2023-3] Khare, Mona (2023). External Aid: Shifting Dynamics of India’s Higher Education Cooperation and Exchange. In: Varghese, N., Panigrahi, J. (eds) Financing of Higher Education. pp. 211–228.

[4] Colclough, Christopher; De, Anuradha; Webb, Andrew (2012). The practice of partnership: Aid and education policy in India and Kenya.

[5] Ward, Michael (2011). "Aid to Education: The Case of Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan in India and the Role of Development Partners". Journal of Education Policy. 26 (4): 543–556.

[6] Prasad Lekhak, Bindeswar (2023). "Foreign Aid Effectiveness in the Education Sector: A Dynamic Panel Analysis". International Journal of Economics and Finance. 15 (9): 10–29.

[7] Ramachandran, Vimala (2008). "External Aid in Elementary Education: A Double-Edged Sword". Working Papers, eSocial Sciences.

[8] Tilak, Jandhyala B.G. (2015). "Political Economy of External Aid for Education in India". Journal of Asian Public Policy. 1 (1): 32–51.

[9] Tukdeo, S. (2015). "Class divided: Global pressures, domestic pulls and a fractured education policy in India". Policy Futures in Education. 13 (2): 205–218.

[10] Ridell, Abby Rubin; Niño-Zarazúa, Miguel (August 2012). "The Effectiveness of Foreign Aid to Education: What Can Be Learned?" (PDF). WIDER Working Paper n°2012/75.

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